Chinese Medicine: A Brief Introduction

Chinese medicine refers to the ancient traditional medicine of the Han people, which has a history of over 5,000 years in China. It is the most complete medical system with its core components including disease diagnosis, treatment through acupuncture, herbal medicine, tuina massage, cupping therapy, and medicinal food.

Evolution of Chinese Medical Science

Chinese medicine is one of the three important indigenous medical systems in the world. The other two are Ayurveda from India and Unani from the Middle East. Unfortunately, due to the looting of the origin of civilization in the Mesopotamian region several years ago, valuable artifacts including medical texts were lost. However, Chinese medicine, as the third branch of medicine, is still practiced in India, although its scope is not as extensive as in China.

Ancient Chinese Medicine

Around 5,400 years ago, Chinese medicine was based on natural observations. People took care of their health by using fire to cook food, which helped kill diseases and parasites, and through massage. This period was known as the era of Shen Nong, who collected herbal medicine, and later, people compiled these findings into medicinal texts. It was during this time that the accidental discovery of the benefits of acupuncture was made by the Fu Xi ethnic group.

The Song and Jin Dynasties

Evidence of alcohol production and the process of soaking herbs in alcohol to extract their medicinal properties were discovered during this period. It was found that boiling alcohol could dissolve certain substances, making them easier to consume and increasing their efficacy while reducing toxicity and side effects. Additionally, this era saw the emergence of sorcerer doctors, and a distinction was made between diviners and medical practitioners.

The Birth of Chinese Medical Theory

475 years before the Common Era, the invention of writing allowed for the recording of various experiences. Important texts on medicine began to appear, such as silk fabric medical texts. They covered topics such as the theory of balancing Yin and Yang, seasonal diet and lifestyle practices, body management, and respiratory system control. It also included the belief that sexual activity should be controlled, either by conserving energy through sexual abstinence or by not overindulging, as excessive sexual activity would deplete one's energy. Another aspect emphasized was the regulation of emotions, which involved not being excessively excited, happy, sad, or worried. Three significant medical texts from this period were the "Huangdi Neijing" (Yellow Emperor's Inner Canon), the "Shennong Bencao Jing" (Shennong's Classic of Materia Medica), and the "Jingui Yaolue" (Essential Prescriptions from the Golden Cabinet).

Jin Dynasty - Five Dynasties (265 AD)

During this period, Taoism and Confucianism began to emerge in China. Medical texts from this era discussed various topics, such as the division of meridians, acupuncture points, and pulse diagnosis. These texts also covered the causes and symptoms of diseases, with over 700 medicinal textbooks available. Further advancements and recordings were made in subsequent generations.

Song-Ming Dynasty era (960-1368 AD)

The Song-Ming Dynasty witnessed significant developments in China, including the discovery of gunpowder and extensive interactions with the East and the West. Notable historical figures from this era include Genghis Khan, whose travels brought together the beliefs and sciences of the East and West. Other familiar names, such as Marco Polo and Zheng He, also made significant contributions through their travels to China and maritime expeditions.

Traditional Chinese Medicine in Southeast Asia

During this era, the medical system began to be organized. Textbooks were printed, disseminated, and a medical bureau was established. In 1368, during the reign of King Narai of Thailand, China saw the purification of traditional medicine scriptures. One such scripture is the "Narai Medicine," a book that compiles medicines used in the court of Thailand. It includes Lanna formulas of European, Thai, and Chinese medicines written by Chinese doctors. This indicates the presence and influence of Chinese doctors in Thailand and their integration into the scriptures for Phra Narai Medicine.

The Era of Applied Chinese Medicine

Following the change of government in China, a shift occurred where modern medicine began to enter while traditional medicine faced rejection, especially during the colonial period when European powers had a significant influence. Christian hospitals started to appear in various Chinese cities. However, Chinese medicine practitioners resisted these changes. In 1949, China underwent a regime change to communism, with the government emphasizing the development of science and democracy. Due to the country's large population and recognition of the importance of Western medicine, the fields of traditional and Western medicine were combined, leading to the trend of applied medicine starting in 1955.

Closing Summary

The era from 1955 to the present marks a significant phase in the development and acceptance of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). Despite the challenges and changes brought about by the integration of modern medicine, TCM has endured as an ancient traditional medicine with a rich history spanning over 5,000 years. Today, TCM continues to be recognized and practiced globally, serving as an invaluable complement to Western medicine.

Over the years, TCM has made remarkable progress in gaining acceptance and appreciation as a legitimate medical system. Its core components, including acupuncture, herbal medicine, tuina massage, cupping therapy, and medicinal food, have proven their effectiveness in treating a wide range of health conditions. TCM's holistic approach, focusing on balance and harmony within the body, has resonated with individuals seeking a comprehensive approach to their well-being.

The future of TCM holds great promise. Ongoing research and advancements in the field aim to further enhance our understanding of its mechanisms and efficacy. As more scientific evidence emerges, TCM is gaining recognition for its unique contributions to healthcare, particularly in areas where Western medicine may have limitations. Furthermore, the integration of ancient wisdom with modern technology and practices paves the way for exciting possibilities, fostering innovation and opening new avenues for collaboration between Eastern and Western medical systems.

As TCM continues to evolve and adapt, its resilience as an ancient traditional medicine remains steadfast. With its rich heritage, widespread acceptance, and ongoing progress, TCM serves as a beacon of hope for those seeking comprehensive and holistic healthcare solutions in the modern world.